Journal Home Browse Issues Search Articles Submissions About the Journal Copyright Fixation Podcast Subscribe Go back to Issues THE HEART OF THE MATTER: COPYRIGHT, AI TRAINING AND LLM 71 J. COPYRIGHT SOC’Y, 482, (2024) Daniel Gervais Vanderbilt University Haralambos Marmanis Copyright Clearance Center, EVP & CTO Noam Shemtov Centre for Commercial Law, Queen Mary University of London Catherine Zaller Rowland Copyright Clearance Center, General Counsel Abstract This article explores the intricate relationship between copyright law and artificial intelligence, including large language models (LLMs). It begins with a detailed technical overview of LLM functionality, including tokenization, word embeddings, and the various stages of LLM development. The authors then delve into the copyright implications of using protected works for both training LLMs and generating outputs. Full Article 71(3)_The Heart of the MatterDownload Related Content Event Mar 4 Is It Fair Use to Use Pirated Materials for AI Training? This panel will discuss the current controversy over whether the use of “pirated” datasets in training AI models overcome claims… Live CLE Credit AI & Copyright AI in the Courts Journal December 21, 2025 C+T Panel 2 - A THOUSAND TIMES NO: THE PRACTICALITIES OF OPT-OUT FOR AI TRAINING 72 J. Copyright Soc'y 1023 (2025)Download Adam Rendle, Daan Archer, Ali Sternburg, Thomas Sullivan AI & Copyright Copyright + Technology Conference Creativity & Technology Collide Technology, Innovation & the Future Journal December 21, 2025 C+T Panel 4 - MY OWN THREE HANDS: AI CONTENT CREATION TOOLS AND COPYRIGHT REGISTRATION 72 J. Copyright Soc'y 1071 (2025)Download Charity Gates, Maria Backman, Zac Cooper Cooper, Gili Karev, Dori Ann Hanswirth AI & Copyright Copyright + Technology Conference Creativity & Technology Collide Technology, Innovation & the Future
