Our final panel in Copyright + Technology 2024, “No Advance Permission Required: The Future of Compulsory Licensing,” was prompted by the recent dispute between music publishers and Spotify over the terms of the § 115 compulsory license for reproduction of musical works. It considered the rationales behind the several compulsory licenses that are unique to U.S. copyright law – and to what extent those rationales are still valid in an era where technological change can render the terms of such licenses obsolete too quickly for the law to keep up.