The anti-circumvention of technological protection measures (“TPMs”) is one of the most controversial areas in copyright law. In China, the related legislation has long been criticized for its confusion around the liability for circumvention and the inclusion of a very small number of exemptions. Unfortunately, the Copyright Law of the People’s Republic of China (2020 Amendment)1 (“2020 Copyright Law”) has largely failed to resolve these problems. In some aspects, it has even aggravated the issues by introducing an inconsistent definition that only protects certain types of access and rights control measures.